October 20 ⇒Back
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1600 - ◆Battle of Kuisegawa, a decisive battle during the Sekigahara Campaign.
Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats the leaders of rival Japanese clans in the battle, which marks the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate that in effect rules Japan until the mid-nineteenth century.
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The battle was totally a parody, commemorating the Norman conquest of England. In fact, the day is the 534th anniversary of the Battle of Hastings (October 14, 1066 in the Julian calendar: October 20, 1066 in the Gregorian calendar).
The Battle of Hastings begins at 9 am. And the Battle of Sekigahara begins around 9 am. William the Conqueror is crowned on December 25, 1066.
800 years later, Japan's Emperor Meiji ascends the throne on January 30, 1867 (December 25, 1866 in the Japanese calendar) on the death of his father, Emperor Komei.
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1871 - ◆Japanese are allowed to get married with people of different social classes.
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1885 - ▲Japan becomes a member state of Metre Convention.
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1934 - ◆(birth) "Empress Michiko", wife of "Akihito", current "Emperor of Japan".
(legal birth Western time October 18, 1934)
(legal birth October 19, 1934)
(birth October 20, 1934)
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1940 - ★Sai Baba starts his mission. He stops going to school.
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1941 - ◆Kragujevac massacre. Nazis kill thousands of civilians in Kragujevac in Serbia.
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1967 – ▼(death) Yoshida Shigeru, Prime Minister of Japan.
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1985 – ▲Narita Airport Riot (Conflicts at Narita).
The day is the 100th anniversary of Japan's becoming a member state of Metre Convention (October 20, 1885).
The day is September 7 in the Japanese calendar and is the 100th anniversary of the opening of the first aquarium in Japan (September 7, 1885 in the Japanese calendar).
October 20 ⇒Back
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November 24, 1184 - ◆Minamoto no Yoritomo establishes Monchujo in Kamakura.
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November 19, 1274 - ◆Battle of Bun'ei.
(Koki 1934)
Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty attempts the first of several invasions of Japan (30,000 soldiers and support personnel sails from Korea).
After the Mongols capture outlying islands, they are repulsed on the main island at the battle by amassed Japanese warriors and a strong storm which batters their forces and fleet. Credit for the storm — called a kamikaze, or divine wind — is given by the Japanese to the god Raiden.
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October 20, 1282 - ★(death) Nichiren, Japanese founder of Nichiren Buddhism.
(Gregorian calendar)
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November 15, 1886 - ▲Japan formally commits itself to the Red Cross Convention.
Japan signs the Red Cross Convention on June 5, 1886.
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December 8, 1941 – ◆World War II: Attack on Pearl Harbor.
The Imperial Japanese Navy attacks the US Pacific Fleet and its defending Army Air Forces and Marine air forces at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (Japan time).
Not only the date but also the year of the attack was a pun. The puns were made from the combination of the two dates of the Mongol invasions of Japan.
■ October 20, 1274 (Koki 1934) in the Japanese calendar - Battle of Bun'ei. Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty attempts the first of several invasions of Japan (The number of the Koki year is 660 years more than that of the Gregorian year).
■ July 30, 1281 (Koki 1941) in the Japanese calendar - Battle of Koan. The second Mongol invasion of Japan is foiled, as a large typhoon – famously called a kamikaze, or divine wind – destroys much of the combined Chinese and Korean fleet and forces, numbering over 140,000 men and 4,000 ships.
The Japanese government took the year 1941 from the Battle of Koan and the date October 20 from the Battle of Bun'ei, respectively. Then the Japanese government determined the date of the Pearl Harbor attack to be October 20, 1941 in the Japanese calendar. The day was December 8, 1941 (Japan time) or December 7, 1941 (US time).
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December 8, 1941 – ◆"Japanese declaration of war on the US and the British Empire".
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December 8, 1941 - ◆Day of Infamy Speech by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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December 8, 1941 - ◆Japanese forces invade Thailand's southern peninsula.
They face a heavy resistance, however, Plaek Phibunsongkhram orders a ceasefire.
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December 8, 1941 - ◆Battle of Hong Kong. Japanese forces launch an invasion into Hong Kong.
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December, 11 1957 - ▼The first 100 yen coin is issued (Japan). 1 2
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November 13, 2003 - ★Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama Roy Moore is removed.
Moore refuses to remove a monument of the Ten Commandments from the state courthouse despite orders to do so from a federal judge on August 22, 2003. He is finally removed by Alabama's Court of the Judiciary.
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December 10, 2006 - ▲(death) Augusto Pinochet, Chilean dictator.
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December 10, 2006 - ▲Hirokazu Nakaima is elected governor of Okinawa Prefecture.
October 20 ⇒Back
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October 14, 1066 (October 20, 1066 in the Gregorian calendar)
▲Battle of Hastings (Norman conquest of England).
The battle is fought between King Harold II of England and Duke William of Normandy on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings. Harold is killed and William is victorious. In England this is the traditional end of the Dark Ages and the start of the Middle Ages.
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October 14, 1066 (October 20, 1066 in the Gregorian calendar)
▲(death) King Harold II of England.
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